How to Build Reliable Stateful Browser Automation with Playwright

A practical architecture guide for building production-grade browser automation with Playwright, focused on managing state rather than writing selectors. Covers using browser contexts instead of raw pages, persisting authentication state safely, separating browser state from application state, handling network identity and proxies, avoiding arbitrary sleeps in favor of condition-based waits, selective retry strategies for mutating vs read-only operations, timeout boundaries, capturing screenshots and Playwright traces on failure, checkpointing long-running jobs, controlling concurrency, respecting target-system rate limits, and separating monitoring from testing. Ends with a production readiness checklist spanning session handling, network, reliability, safety, scale, debugging, and operations.

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