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Recreating Voodoo Graphics and a Late-1990s Gaming PC on an FPGA
A hobbyist recreates 3dfx's Voodoo Graphics (SST-1) chip in SystemVerilog as zSST, combined with a z486 CPU core to form z486 XL, a full DOS PC with original 3dfx rendering running on a Xilinx KV260 FPGA board. The writeup covers the Voodoo command interface, fixed-point pixel pipeline, bilinear texture filtering with interleaved memory banking, and the much harder problem of feeding the pipeline from shared DDR memory on the FPGA SoC using caches, replay queues, and a reorder buffer. Benchmarks show zSST reaching 78.5 MPix/s at 100 MHz versus Voodoo 1's original ~43 MPix/s estimate at 50 MHz, though real game FPS (e.g., Tomb Raider) is bottlenecked by the CPU side. Both zSST and z486 XL are open source, with an SD image available for KV260 owners.
Source: https://nand2mario.github.io/posts/2026/zsst-voodoo. 8 Sync News only summarizes and links out; content copyright belongs to the authors and original sources.
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